The importance of the falcon does not lie only in it being just a bird, but its importance lies in its use in hunting whether hunting birds or hunting wild rabbits, and the hobby of falconry has spread in the Arabian Peninsula since long a, as it spread in Europe and central Asia.

And it came in the Arab heritage that Al-Harith bin Muawiyah bin Thawr Al-Kindi is the first who knew hunting with falcons in the time of the Kingdom of Kinda, as a falcon fell in a trap for birds and ate some small birds in it so Al-Harith was admired by the strange bird and ordered its hunting and after days and while Al-Harith was with his strange bird he was surprised by it escaping from between his hands; to catch a passing pigeon, and after days the falcon was in an appointment with a larger and more valuable prey so it caught a wild rabbit while Al-Harith was looking then – the story says – Al-Harith knew that he is in the presence of a different bird, so he ordered its training on hunting and this is what was, so the Arabs in the Arabian Peninsula inherited the hunting with falcons from father to grandfather.

And there are various types of falcons reaching to dozens of breeds and lineages in addition to the hybrid breeds where the falcons are divided generally into four main types which are the Saker falcon and the Gyrfalcon and the Peregrine falcon in addition to the Lanner falcon. And also: Al-Jaroudi and Al-Qatami and Al-Hijazi and Al-Ausaq and the Moroccan and Persian and Bukhari.

The Saker falcon:

The Saker falcon sits on the throne of falcons among the Arabs, as they know various types of Peregrines and Lanner falcons, while the hunting with Gyrfalcon (what is also known as the Canadian) did not spread among them except in the past few decades because of its reproduction in extremely cold places and the difficulty of its adaptation in the Arab deserts. And for this great importance of falcons, it was reported in the eloquent poetry and popular poetry as a symbol for strength and courage, and there are those who called it anciently the title: "Falcon of Quraish" who is Abdulrahman Al-Dakhil founder of the Umayyad state in Andalusia, and also the late King Abdulaziz Al Saud (Falcon of the Peninsula). 

And the popular poet said in the falcon: 

Oh people of hunting and desert and people of stories
Unloose the chains of the falcon and loosen its bridle
The falcon has a prestige like the prestige of the sword
The most expensive of birds and characterized by courage
If the King's birds see it friendly
Releasing the wing of the wind out of fear and awe
It has a look that steals the hearts of the delicate
It wounds the chicks of the bird when it comes before it

And the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia cared with great care for falcons, and their breeding, in various regions, and established for it the clubs and festivals that highlight this care and attention, restoring the culture of falcons and its history in an operational realistic way, so it established the Saudi Falcons Club, to preserve falcons as they form a historical legacy for the Kingdom, while the sport of hunting forms one of the sports that holds popularity among the followers and breeders of falcons 

Properties of falcons: 

The researchers in the field of falcons see that they enjoy an exceptional ability on vision, and the visual acuity for one of the types was measured so it was found that it equals 2.6 times compared to the average human. Also the Peregrine falcons were seen diving on the prey with a speed of 200 miles per hour (320 km / hour), which makes them the fastest moving beings on the face of earth. As for the fastest recorded dive for one of the falcons it reached 390 kilometers per hour (240 miles per hour. 

And the falcon belongs to the family of Falconidae, and the length of the falcon ranges between 25 and 70 centimeters and their weight reaches 2 kilograms, and female falcons are larger than males in all types.

And falcons build their nests in rocky ravines and in trees or on earth and the nests are built generally from sticks but some falcons build the nests from small branches and herbs and other plant materials, young falcons are all white and weak without their parents.

And the Peregrine falcons spread in wide areas of the world, and because of the many of its moving it was called "The Wandering Falcon" or Wandering Falcon. and it mostly hunts its prey while soaring in the air.

And the Peregrine falcon was classified among the Arabs into two types "Sea Peregrine" and "Mountain Peregrine", and the sea one is characterized by being the largest type of Peregrines, with a light color migrating to the Arabian Peninsula from its breeding places, as for the mountain one it tends to the dark color and inhabits and reproduces in the mountains of the Arabian Peninsula.

As for the Lanner falcon it is among the medium falcons in hunting efficiency despite the intensity of its endurance for hunger and disease, and this falcon is abundant in Africa and south Asia. and it is among the soft-natured falcons, and it is easy to direct it and train it.

References:

Wikipedia

https://poets-r.com

https://www.almowaten.net