The publishing department at the King Abdulaziz Public Library forms a fundamental pillar of the production of culture and knowledge at the library. This department, since its launch with the beginning of the library's establishment in 1987, has not stopped issuing intellectual, literary, and historical books and valuable publications that aim to upgrade Arab thought and culture.

The department has issued until the year 2021 (250 books), including books that came in paper form with medium pages between 200-500 pages, and books that constitute huge volumes and illustrated volumes in luxurious, bright editions. Among the most prominent books issued by the library are encyclopedia books, including: The Comprehensive Encyclopedia of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where the encyclopedia was issued in (20) volumes in Arabic with (900 - 1000) pages for each volume. Each volume includes information about (antiquities, historical and geographical sites - natural and agricultural wealth - social patterns, customs and traditions - ancient and modern history - public utilities and services - civilizational renaissance - and architectural, educational, cultural, health, industrial, roads and transport, and trade and economic achievements) supported by more than (10) thousand photos and about (160) explanatory maps, in addition to hundreds of figures, tables, and explanatory drawings with the aim of highlighting the state's role in providing all capabilities and requirements to present them to the citizen with a generous, continuous gift targeting his prosperity and happiness, provided that the information and data are updated every five years. A website named Encyclopedia of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was also launched on the global network (Internet) including all the contents of the encyclopedia and allowing research and access to all its elements with ease.

Among the illustrated books: Sunrise and Sunset, Al-Aqsa, Abdullah bin Abdulaziz: Words and Pictures (in English), Abdullah bin Abdulaziz: Lights in the Life of a King by Dr. Saad bin Abdulrahman Al-Bazei, Visits of odness and Giving, King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud: Speeches and Words, Summit Diplomacy: An Analytical Reading of Prince Abdullah bin Abdulaziz's International Visits, and A Journey of Achievement in the Land of Miracles: Mecca in the Era of King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz - may d have mercy on him.

In a guide issued by the King Abdulaziz Public Library that includes monitoring its publications and the movement of scientific publishing there that began since the library's opening in 1407 AH / 1987 AD where the beginnings were at the level of establishment and the real launch, after which came the celebration on the occasion of the Kingdom's founding where a group of scientific works were issued on this occasion that dealt with the history of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in general, and the history of King Abdulaziz – may d have mercy on him – in particular. A group of specialists were assigned to write and translate books from several languages into Arabic from English, French, German, Russian, Japanese, and Urdu that dealt with this bright history. After that, publications followed successively, where publications were issued on the occasion of choosing Riyadh as the capital of Arab culture in 2000, then came the special publications on the occasion of the 20th anniversary of King Fahd bin Abdulaziz – may d have mercy on him – taking over the reins of vernment, after which publications continued until they exceeded 250 titles.

The guide begins its pages with the first books issued by the library, and among their titles: King Abdulaziz in Modern Arab Poetry, King Abdulaziz: A Selective Bibliographic List, Catalog of Manuscripts, Poetry in the Yamamah Region Until the End of the Umayyad Era, The Educational Role of the Mission Preparation School in Mecca in the Era of King Abdulaziz Al Saud, Social Care in the Era of King Abdulaziz, Public Library Services and Their Development in Light of the IFLA/UNESCO Guidelines.

In the field of Arab heritage, the library provided a large number of publications, including those related to horses and camels such as: Horses and Equestrianism (A Bibliographic Study), Purebred Arabian Horses, and Horses in the Poems of the Arabs.

The scientific publishing and translation program enjoys extreme importance in the King Abdulaziz Public Library, as this importance was translated into a tangible reality through the publication of peer-reviewed and translated scientific books and theses, in addition to publishing the proceedings of seminars, conferences, and meetings organized by the library within its diverse cultural and scientific programs.