The King Abdulaziz Public Library includes collections of rare literary books issued at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century, in their first editions. The library acquires distinguished collections of rare books with unique editions in their scientific, historical or literary value, amounting to more than (32,625) titles, characterized by the age and antiquity of printing or the uniqueness of the subject. Rare books are part of the library''s interests and its scientific strategy in preserving the printed Arab heritage in various fields of knowledge. 

What relates to these rare books specifically in Arabic literature from various eras may rethink the history of contemporary Arabic literature, and in the narration of history with new visions that may not have been known before, as they include a number of cultural and literary issues that may not have been addressed by literary researchers and historians clearly, such as the beginnings of revival poetry in the late nineteenth century, and the beginnings of the novel, prose poetry, the prose poem, and the diversity of literary schools. . 

The library acquires the first edition of the book: "The Wanderer''s Guide in the Industry of Prose and Poetry" by Shaker Al-Batlouni, printed in Beirut at the Literary Press in 1885 AD with the correction of Sheikh Ibrahim Al-Yaziji, and the book: "The Piercing Meteor in the Writer''s Industry" by Saeed Al-Khouri Al-Shartouni, Beirut 1913 edition. The book deals with correspondence, writing and composition. 

And the novel: "Oddities of Chance" by teacher Shaker Shuqair and included part of his poems, printed in Beirut 1884-1885 AD, and the name of the original author was not written, and it is strange that another writer, Adib Ishaq (d. 1885 AD), had arabized it but the translation was lost. 

Among the prominent acquisitions is also the book: "The Piercing Star" by Mr. Radwan Al-Abiyari, published in 1279 AH, which is a treatise on literature and language. In this field as well, the book: "The Pleasant Text" published in 1268 AH. 

And the book: "The Pearl in Literature" by Mr. Muhammad Tawfiq Al-Bakri, who is one of the pioneers of prose poetry in the Arab world. The book was published in its first edition in 1927 AD.

Among the rare books that tried to bridge the gap between Arabic and European literature, which is part of the library''s holdings, is the book: "The New Theater" by Mahmoud Kamel Al-Muhami, published by Dar Al-Hilal in Cairo in 1932 AD, which is a collection containing summaries of the most famous new theatrical stories that appeared in European literature. In the introduction, its author says: "This is a book I am not exaggerating if I say: It is the first of its kind in the Arabic language, for it consists of comprehensive summaries of a group of the most famous theatrical stories that appeared in the current century." The book includes translations of a group of European creators in the field of theater, including: Lenormand, Lucien Pénard, Joe Zurki, Henrik Ibsen, Henri Bataille and others. 

         The library also acquires a rare book on the art of prosody, rhetoric and literature entitled: "The Disseminated Silk on the Boat of Oceans" by Abdullah Al-Ghazzi, printed at the Egyptian Hamidiyah Press in 1320 AH, as well as its acquisition of a large number of rare first editions of many literary books, including "The Days" by Taha Hussein (1929 AD) and "In Pre-Islamic Poetry" also by Taha Hussein (1926), which is the edition that caused a wide literary battle about the beginnings of pre-Islamic poetry and the plagiarism of Arabic poetry, the echoes of which are still being studied in various Arab universities and are still being researched in the Arab literary scene today.